kzX{´ C´ybpsS {]Ya hnZym`ymk a{´n. kzmX{´ykac t]mcmfn. kmlnXy A¡mZan, kwKoX \mSI A¡mZan AS¡w C´y³ kmlnXy¯nepw Iebnepw \hPmKcW¯n\v ]pXpatbdnb hnhn[ ]²XnIfmhnjvIcn¨ `cWIÀ¯mhv. tIcfob cwKIeIÄ¡mbpÅ tIcf IemaÞe¯nsâ ]cnt]mjW¯n\v almIhn hÅt¯mfns\ kIe hn[ H¯miIfpw \ÂIn t{]mÕmln¸n¨p. tIm¬{Kkv {]knUâv, Ad_n, DÀZp, t]Àjy³ `mjIfn AKm[Úm\n, {]ikvXamb XÀPpam\p JpÀB³ F¶ JpÀB³ hymJym\ cNbnXmhv, Ihn, Fgp¯pImc³, ]{X{]hÀ¯I³, hnZym`ymk hnN£W³, ZmÀi\nI³. bYmÀY \maw ^odqkv _IvXv. _mey¯n Xs¶ kmlnXy cN\IfnteÀs¸«v A_p Iemw BkmZv F¶ XqenIm\maw kzoIcn¨p. 1888 \hw_À 11þ\v a¡bnembncp¶p P\\w. ]nXmhv auem\m ssJdp±o³. amXmhv aZo\bnse ap^vXn ssiJv apl½Zv kKodnsâ aIÄ Ben¿x. 1898þ NnInÕmÀYw C´ybnte¡p h¶ IpSpw_w BkmZnsâ amXmhnsâ \ncymWs¯ XpSÀ¶v I¡¯bn ØncXmakam¡n. ]ÞnX\mb ]nXmhnÂ\n¶v KpcpIpe k{¼Zmb¯n Ad_n `mjbpw lZokv, X^vkoÀ, ^nJvlv, XkvÆp^v XpS§nb hnjb§fpw ]Tn¨p. kwKoXw, KWnXw, XÀ¡imkv{Xw F¶nhbnepw buh\ Ime¯pXs¶ {]mhoWyw t\Sn. 1901þ IpSpw_ ktaXw t_mws_bnte¡v Xmakw amän. kÀ k¿nZv AlvaZv Jmsâ kmaqlyþkmwkvImcnI {]hÀ¯\§fn BIrjvS\mb BkmZv Cw¥ojv `mjbnepw kmlnXy¯nepw t_mws_ PohnXIme¯v hypÂ]¯n t\Sn. 11þmw hbÊn IhnXm cN\ Bcw`n¨p. CXv \ne\n¶nÃ. XpSÀ¶v 15þmw hbÊn enkm\pÊnZvJv F¶ DÀZp amknI Bcw`n¨p. 1904þ CdmJnte¡v t]mIpw hsc Cu {]kn²oIcWw DÀZp `mjm kmlnXy¯nsâ t{]mÕml\mÀYw h¼n¨ {]Nmcw t\Sn \ne\n¶p. CdmJnÂ\n¶v aS§nb BkmZv eIv\u \Zvh¯p DeambnÂ\n¶v {]kn²oIcn¨ncp¶ A¶ZvhbpsS ]{Xm[n] Øm\tasäSp¯p. XpSÀ¶v AarXkdn \n¶pÅ hIo I¡¯bnÂ\n¶pÅ ZmdpÊÂX\Xv XpS§nb {]kn²oIcW§fnepw ]{Xm[n]Øm\w hln¨p. 1907þ kpsseJm_oKs¯ hnhmlw sNbvXp. kzmX{´ykac¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂInbXn\v 1920þ'45 Imebfhn \nch[n XhW PbnÂhmka\pjvTnt¡­nh¶p. 1923þ 35þmw hbÊn C´y³ \mjW tIm¬{Kknsâ Gähpw {]mbw Ipdª {]knUâmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸«p. PhlÀem s\lvdphnsâ t\XrXz¯n \nehnÂh¶ CS¡me a{´nk`bneS¡w kzmX{´ye_v[n¡p tijhpw acWw hsc s\lvdp a{´nk`bn hnZym`ymk a{´nbmbn XpSÀ¶p. 1958 s^{_phcn 22þ\v acWs¸«p.

AÂlnem ]{X¯nse auem\bpsS teJ\§fpsS kamlmcamb aJmemsX BkmZv I¯pIfpsS kamlmcamb Kp_mÀ JmXznÀ F¶nh {]JymX cN\Ifmbn Adnbs¸Sp¶p. BßIY C´y hn³kv {^oUw (C´y kzmX{´yw t\Sp¶p) 1959þ {]IminXambn. cmPys¯ ]ctam¶X knhnenb³ AhmÀUmb `mcX cXv\w 1992þ acWm\´c _lpaXnbmbn BkmZn\v \ÂIn.