PamAs¯ Ckveman Øm]I t\Xmhv. ]qÀW\maw auem\m k¿nZv A_p AAvem auZqZn. almcmjv{S kwØm\¯v HudwK_mZn 1321 dP_v amkw (1903 sk]vXw. 24) hymgmgvN P\n¨p. ]nXmhv AlvaZv lk³ A`n`mjI\mbncp¶p. amXmhv dpJn¿m _oKw. ]Xns\m¶mw hbkn "auehn']co£ ]mkmbXns\ XpSÀ¶v sslZcm_mZv Zmdp Deqan tNÀ¶p. amXr`mjbmb DdpZphn\p ]dpta Ad_n, t]Àjy³, Cw¥ojv `mjIfn {]mhoWyw t\Sn. 1914þ "A aÀAXp PZoZ' F¶ Ad_v {K\Yw DÀZphnte¡v samgnamän. 1918þ "A aZo\' ]{X¯n tPmen sNbvXp. 1920þ P_Â]qcnÂ\n¶v {]kn²oIcn¨ "XmPv' hmcnI ]{Xm[n]À. 1920þsâ Ahkm\w ZnÃnbnse¯n, PwC¿¯p Deamsb lnµnsâ? "A apkvenw' FUnädmbn. Jnem^¯v {]Øm\hpw \nÊlIcW {]Øm\hpw sImSp¼ncns¡mWS B Ime¯pXs¶ cmjv{Sob {]hÀ¯I\mbn {]`mjWthZnIfn {]Xy£s¸«p XpS§n. AÃmam aivcnJnbpsS t\XrXz¯n Bcw`n¨ JmIvkmÀ hfânbÀ {]Øm\¯n AwKambn. CkvemanImSn¯dbn kz´amb Hcp cmjv{Sob ZÀi\w a\ÊnÂcq]s¸«Xn\m ]n¶oSv Jnem^¯v {]Øm\ aS¡w ]e thZnItfmSpw apJwXncnªp\n¶p. 1920þ'28 Ime¯v Cdm\o XXzNn´I³ kzZvdp±o³ apl½ZpÈodmknbpsS "A Akv^mdp AÀ_A' F¶ AXnKl\amb XXzimkv{X {KÙw Ad_nbnÂ\n¶v samgnamän. auZqZnbpsS {]apJ IrXnIfnsem¶mb "A PnlmZp ^n Ckvemw' 1930þ {]kn²oIcn¨p. \mev hmfy§fnembn 3500 t]Pvhcp¶ "A Akv^mdp AÀ_A'bpsS hnhÀ¯\¯n\v e`n¨ tdmbÂänbpsS Hcp hnlnXw D]tbmKn¨v kz´ambn "XÀPpam\p JpÀB³' amknI {]kn²oIcWw GsäSp¯p. ]p¯³ temI{Iaw A`napJoIcn¡p¶ \nch[n {]iv\§Ä¡v CkvemanIamb ]cnlmc§Ä \nÀtZin¡pI hgn apkvenw _u²nI tI{µ§fn auZqZn kPoh NÀ¨bmbn. A¡mes¯gpXnb teJ\§Ä "Ckvemao XlvZo_v HÀ CkvsI Dkzq shm a_mZn' (CkvemanI kwkvImc¯nsâ aqeineIÄ), "X^vloa'Xv XpS§nb t]cpIfn {KÙcq]w ssIs¡mWSp. "apkÂam³ HmÀ auPqZ knbmkn IivaIiv' (apkvenwIfpw C¶s¯ cmjv{Sob hSw henIfpw), "akvAse Juan¿Xv' (tZiob {]iv\w) XpS§nb ioÀjI§fn At±lsagpXnb teJ\§fn A¶s¯ C´y³ cmjv{Sob {]hWXIsf \ninXambn hnaÀin¨p. auZqZnb³ Nn´IÄ A`ykvXhnZycmb apkvenwIsf Gsd kzm[o\n¨p XpS§n. 1938þ AÃmam CJv_mensâ £Ww kzoIcn¨v ]Tm³tIm«nte¡v Xmakw amän. CJv_mepambn klIcn¨v "Zmdp Ckvemw' Øm]n¨p. "XÀPpam\p JpÀBsâ' {]kn²oIcWw Zmdp Ckvemante¡v amän.

1940þ ka{Khpw hym]Ihpamb {]Øm\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ Bibw XÀPpam\neqsS apt¶m«psh¨t¸mÄ BthiIcamb {]XnIcW§fpWSmbn. 1941 BKkvXv 26þ\v auem\m auZqZnbpsS £W{]Imcw C´ybpsS \m\m `mK§fn \n¶pÅ ]ÞnX·mcpw A`ykvXhnZycpaS§p¶ 75 hyànIÄ emtlmdn kÔn¨p. \mep\mÄ \oWS NÀ¨s¡mSphn "PamAs¯ Ckveman' F¶ kwLS\ ]ndhnsbSp¯p. A_p AAvem {]Ya Aaodmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸«p. 1947þ hn`P\m\´cw At±lw ]mInkvXm³ {]hÀ¯\tI{µambn sXcsªSp¯p. emtlmdmbncp¶p BØm\w. 1948þ ]mInkvXm³ PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS {]Ya kt½f\¯n \men\ Bhiy§Ä ]mInkvXm³ Kh¬saân\p ap¶n auZqZn kaÀ¸n¨p. ]mInkvXm\n ]cam[nImcw AÃmlphn\v am{Xambncn¡pI, {_n«ojv\nba§fnse icoAXvhncp² `mK§Ä \nÝnX kab]cn[n¡pÅn \o¡w sN¿pI, `mhnbn icoAXn\p hncp²ambn \nba§Ä \S¸m¡cpXv, Kh¬saâv AXnsâ A[nImcw ssZhnI ]cn[n¡pÅn \n¶v hn\ntbmKn¡pI F¶nhbmbncp¶p \mev Bhiy§Ä. ]mInØm³ Kh¬saâv auZqZns¡Xnsc Ip{]NmcW§fpw, {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v ISnªmWnSm³ kÀ¡mÀ sajn\dnbpw D]tbmKn¨pXpS§n. A_p AAve cmPyt{ZmlnbmsW¶phsc {]Jym]n¨p. 1948 HIvtSm_À 6þ\v auZqZnbpw PamA¯v t\Xm¡fpw AdÌv sN¿s¸«p. ]t£, auZqZnbpsS \men\ Bhiy§Ä¡p thWSn cmPy¯v kam[m\]camb {]t£m`§Ä iàambn. 1949 amÀ¨v 12þ\v e£y {]Jym]\tcJ (JdmÀ Zmsd aJmkznZv) ]mIv `cWLS\m \nÀamW k` AwKoIcn¡m³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmbn. 20 amks¯ PbnÂhmk¯n\ptijw 1950 sabv 28þ\v auZqZnbpw PamA¯v t\Xm¡fpw ]pd¯ph¶p. kz´w XqenIbpw \mhpw hn{iataXpanÃmsX A_pÂAAve hn\ntbmKn¨p. JmZnbm\n {]t£m`¯nsâ t]cn 1953 amÀ¨v 28þ\vkÀ¡mÀ auZqZnsbbpw kl{]hÀ¯Iscbpw hoWSpw AdÌpsNbvXp. ]«mf \nbaw A\pkcn¨v tIkv hnNmcW sNbvXp. 53 sabv 11þ\v ]«mf tImSXn auZqZn¡v acWin£ hn[n¨p. h[in£s¡Xnsc CkveanI temIsa¼mSpw {]Xntj[¯o¡mäpIÄ hoin. KXy´canÃmsX h[in£ Poh]cy´w XShm¡n CfhpsNbvXp. 23 amk PbnÂPohnX¯n\p tijw 55 G{]n 28þ\v tamNnX\mbn.' 55 \hw_dn Idm¨nbn tNÀ¶ AJne ]mInØm³ PamAs¯ Ckveman kt½f\w CkvemanI hyhØ \S¸m¡m\pÅ Blzm\w ]qÀhm[nIw iànbnepWÀ¯n. kÀ¡mÀ ]¯nXmgv¯n. Bhiyw AwKoIcn¡s¸«p. Nne t`ZKXnItfmsS PamAs¯ Ckveman aPvenkv iqdmbpw kÀ¡mÀ hyhØ AwKoIcn¨p. 1959þ'60þ "X^vloap JpÀB³' cN\m Ime¯v, JpÀB\n ]cmaÀin¡pItbm kqNn¸n¡pItbm sNbvX Øe§Ä kµÀin¨v `qanimkv{X]camb {]tXyIXIfpw Ncn{XmhinjvS§fpw t\cnÂIWSp a\Ênem¡n. 1961þ kpDuZn cmPmhnsâ £W{]Imcw aZo\bnse CkvemanI kÀhIemimebpsS ]mTy]²Xn X¿mdm¡m³ AhnSw kµÀin¨p. 1962þ dm_nXzXp Bean Ckveman F¶ kwLS\bpsS cq]hXvIcWhpambn _Ôs¸« temI apkvenw tIm¬{^³kn ]mInØm\n \n¶pÅ {]Xn\n[n auZqZnkmln_mbncp¶p. 1963 HIvtSm_À 25þ\v emtlmdnse CJv_m ]mÀ¡n AJne]mInØm³ PamAs¯ Ckveman kt½f\¯n\nsS auZqZnsb h[n¡m³ Khs×âv H¯mitbmsS Nne {Inan\epIÄ {ian¨p. 1941 apX PamA¯v AaoÀ Øm\t¯¡v sXcsªSp¡s¸« auZqZn 1968 amÀ¨v 24 apX A\mtcmKyw aqew t\XrØm\¯p\n¶v ]n³hm§n. 1979þ kpDuZn Kh¬saâv A´mcmjv{S ss^k AhmÀUv GÀs¸Sp¯nbt¸mÄ {]Ya AhmÀUn\Àl\mbn. IayqWnk¯n\pw apXemfn¯¯n\pw ]Icw\n¡p¶ k¼qÀW hyhØbmbn Ckvemans\ AhXcn¸n¨XmWv auZqZnbpsS hnes¸« kw`mh\Ifn apJyw. 60 hÀjs¯ s]mXpPohnX¯n\nSbn 120þÂ]cw {KÙ§ft±lw cNn¨p. AXnteähpw al¯mb IrXn "X^vloap JpÀB³' F¶ hnizhn{ipX JpÀB³ hymJym\{KÙamWv. aebmf¯n "X^vloansâ' Bdp hmfy§fpw CkvemanIv ]»njnwKv lukv ]pd¯nd¡nbn«pWSv. 70þÂ]cw temI `mjIfn samgnamäs¸« "cnkmse Zo\n¿mXv' (Ckvemw aXw) auZqZnbpsS Gähpw {]NmcapÅ IrXnIfn H¶mWv. "JpÀB\nse \mep kmt¦XnI i_vZ§Ä', kp¶Xv Io Bbn\o sslYnb¯v, JpXzp_m¯v, akvAe: P_vÀ hJZvÀ, A PnlmZv ^n Ckvemw, Ckveman XlvZo_v HmÀ DkvsI Dkq shm a_mZo (CkvemanI kwkvImc¯nsâ aqeineIÄ) Ckvemw HmÀ Pmlnen¿¯v (Ckvemapw Pmlnen¿¯pw) akvAe: Juan¿Xv, Jnem^Xv shm apeqInbXv (Jnem^¯pw cmPhmgvNbpw) Ckvemao cnbmkXv, XPvZoZv shm Clvbmsb Zo³, aBin¿msX Ckvemw, ]ÀZ, Ckvemw HmÀ f_vsXz hnemZXv (k´m\ \nb{´Ww) lpJqIpÊussP³ (Zm¼Xy \nba§Ä apl½Z³ embnepw icoAXnepw) "kqZv', "XAveoamXv', "ilmZs¯ lJv'(kXykm£yw), "X^vloamXv' (aq¶p `mKw) "kodsX kÀhsd Bew' XpS§nbhbmWv {]JymX {KÙ§Ä aZo\ bq\nthgvknänbpsS A¡mZanI Iu¬knÂ, dm_nXzXp Bean Ckveman Øm]I kanXn, aZo\m CkvemanIv \nba KthjW A¡mZan XpS§nb A´mcmjv{S kanXnIfn AwKambncp¶p.

1937þ \kzodp±o³ iwknbpsS aIÄ alvaqZm _oKs¯ h[phmbn kzoIcn¨p. ChÀ¡v Bdp B¬a¡fpw aq¶p s]¬Ip«nIfpapWSv. XymtKmÖzehpw IÀa\ncXhpambncp¶p B alZvPohnXw. ISp¯ tcmK]oUIsf XpSÀ¶v 1979 sabv 26þ\v NnInÕmÀYw Atacn¡bnte¡v t]mbn. sk]vXw_À 22 i\nbmgvN sk³knÂhm\nb _^vtem Bip]{Xnbn \ncymX\mbn. \yqtbmÀ¡v, eWS³, emtlmÀ F¶o aq¶p h³Ic BØm\§fn auZqZnbpsS P\mk s]mXpZÀi\¯n\v sh¨p. emtlmdn tUm. bqkp^p JdZmhn a¿n¯v \akvImc¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn.

temIsa¼mSpapÅ apkvenwIÄ¡v {]tNmZ\ tI{µambn F¡mehpw hÀ¯n¡mhp¶ B alma\ojnbpsS almkw`mh\bmbn F¡mehpw tIÄhn DWSmhpI PamAs¯ Ckveman F¶ kwLS\¡v At±lan« ASn¯dbpw DuSpw ]mhpambncn¡pw.