1867þ t]Àjybnse DuÀanb F¶ Øe¯v P\n¨p. DuÀanbbnse AÊodnb³ ss{IkvXhcnte¡pÅ ImâÀ_d\n BÀ¨v _nj¸nsâ anj\dn kwL¯n AwKambn. 1892þ tdmanse¯n, ZmÀi\nIhpw ssZhimkv{X]chpamb ]T\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbtijw It¯men¡m ]ptcmlnX\mbn hmgn¡s¸«p 1895þ DuÀanbbnse emkdnÌv anj\n tNÀ¶p. 1897þ {^m³kn tNÀ¶ bp¡dnÌv tIm¬{Kkn ]uckvXyk`IfpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbn ]s¦Sp¯p.

1990þ ss__nÄ {KÙ§Ä AhbpsS aqe`mjIfn hmbn¨ At±lw am\km´c¯n\v hnt[b\mbn ]ptcmlnX Øm\w cmPnh¨p. 1903þ Cw¥­v kµÀin¨v AhnSs¯ bqWntädnb³ kaql¯n AwKambn. 1904þ {_n«ojv bqWntädnb³ Atkmkntbj³ At±ls¯ hnZym`ymk {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mbn \m«nte¡b¨p. bm{Xmat[y tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nfn F¯n CkvemanI ]ÞnX·mcpambn ]eh«w NÀ¨IÄ \S¯pIbpw HSphn Ckvemw BtÇjn¨v A_vZp AlZv ZmhqZv F¶ ]pXnb t]cv kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.