DÀZp{KÙImc³, ]{X{]hÀ¯I³, PamAs¯ Ckveman t\Xmhv. 1912þ P\n¨p. 1947þ PamA¯n AwKambn. AtX hÀjw dmw]qcnÂ\n¶v A lk\mXv amknI {]kn²oIcn¨p. 1948 apX 1980 hsc PamA¯nsâ tI{µ aPvenkviqdmAwKw. dmw]qcnse PmanAXpÊzmenlmXv h\nXm tImtfPv Øm]n¡p¶Xn kp{][m\ ]¦phln¨p. 1950þ lnµnbn "DPme' _meamknI {]kn²oIcn¨p. ]n¶oSv amC ssJdm_mZnbpambn tNÀ¶v "\qÀ' ssZzhmcnI Bcw`n¨p. Ch¡v ]pdsa _¯qÂ, lnemÂ, lmZn F¶o amknIIfpw \S¯n. 1954þ XShn h¨mWv lbmsX Xz¿n_ F¶ \_nNcn{Xw cNn¨Xv. "_p³bmZo _mtX³' BWv asämcp {][m\ IrXn. 1987 Pqsse 15þ\v dmw]qcn acWs¸«p.